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Primary Water in the Winery: Treatment Phases

Acque primarie
September 24, 20247 min read
Primary Water in the Winery: Treatment Phases

Treatment of Primary Water in the Winery: Essential Stages for the Quality of the Winemaking Process

Water is a crucial element in winemaking processes, and its quality can significantly influence the final product. For this reason, wineries must pay particular attention to the treatment of primary water. This process consists of several stages, each with a specific purpose. The sequence of these stages may vary depending on the initial quality of the water, allowing for optimal adaptation to current needs. Below, we examine the main stages of a complete treatment of primary water in the winery.

  1. Preliminary Filtration

Preliminary filtration serves to remove larger particles, suspended solids, and debris present in the water. Generally, screen or sand filters are used, which retain the most obvious impurities. This stage is fundamental to protect the equipment and the more refined filters used in subsequent stages, preventing damage or blockages. The use of a de-sanding filter is particularly recommended to prevent problems of sand accumulation and other coarse debris.

The preliminary filtration process itself is divided into various steps, which are as follows:

  • screening: screens, sieves, or wide mesh filters are used to block the larger impurities present in the water and remove leaves, branches, or sand;
  • sand filtration: sand filters, or multi-layer filters, use different filtering materials to capture various impurities and retain silt, mud, and finer debris;
  • cartridge filtration: cartridge filters are used that can retain particles up to a few microns in size, further filtering even smaller particles;
  • activated carbon filtration: this optional operation involves the use of filters with activated carbon, which absorb organic molecules and chemical contaminants from the water with the aim of removing organic substances, chlorine, and unpleasant odors.

Preliminary filtration reduces wear on machinery and pumping systems, preventing the deposition of solids in pipes. Furthermore, it ensures cleaner water, necessary for washing operations and to avoid contamination during the winemaking process. Finally, it prepares the water for more advanced treatments such as fine filtration or disinfection.

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  1. Softening

Softening is a crucial step to reduce water hardness, which is caused by the presence of minerals such as calcium and magnesium. If untreated, these minerals can form scale deposits that risk compromising the winery's equipment and negatively affecting winemaking processes. The use of a softener ensures that the water used is softer, preventing the formation of scale and improving the efficiency of operations.

Softening mainly occurs through the use of ion exchange softeners, which utilize special resins to retain calcium and magnesium ions and replace them with sodium ions, which do not form scale deposits.

Initially, the water is passed through a resin bed charged with sodium ions. Subsequently, the calcium and magnesium ions, which are responsible for water hardness, are attracted to the ion exchange resins, as these ions have a greater affinity than sodium.

The second step is ion exchange: the sodium ions present on the surface of the resin are released into the water, while the calcium and magnesium ions are retained. This process significantly reduces the amount of calcium and magnesium in the water, resulting in "softened" water. Once treated and softened, the water is introduced into the winery's hydraulic system to be used in various stages of wine production.

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Frequently asked questions

1

Cosa sono le acque primarie in cantina?

Le acque primarie in cantina sono le acque in ingresso utilizzate nei processi produttivi, nei lavaggi, nel risciacquo delle attrezzature, nella gestione degli impianti e nelle attività connesse alla vinificazione. La loro qualità può influenzare efficienza, igiene e continuità del processo produttivo. Dorabaltea considera il trattamento delle acque primarie come il primo passaggio di una gestione idrica completa, che parte dall’acqua utilizzata in cantina e prosegue con la depurazione e il possibile riutilizzo delle acque reflue.
2

Quali sono le principali fasi del trattamento delle acque primarie in cantina?

Le principali fasi del trattamento delle acque primarie in cantina possono includere filtrazione preliminare, addolcimento, decarbonatazione, filtrazione a carboni attivi, rimozione di ferro e manganese, disinfezione, osmosi inversa, controllo del pH e filtrazione fine. La sequenza non è uguale per tutte le cantine: dipende dalla qualità dell’acqua in ingresso, dalla fonte di approvvigionamento, dalle portate richieste e dagli usi produttivi. Dorabaltea valuta questi parametri per proporre una filiera tecnica coerente con le esigenze reali della cantina.
3

Perché la filtrazione delle acque primarie è importante in cantina?

La filtrazione delle acque primarie in cantina è importante perché permette di trattenere sabbia, limo, particelle sospese, detriti e impurità che possono compromettere tubazioni, pompe, filtri successivi e attrezzature di processo. Una corretta filtrazione preliminare protegge gli impianti e migliora la qualità dell’acqua utilizzata nei lavaggi e nelle attività produttive. Dorabaltea integra la filtrazione all’interno di una valutazione più ampia, considerando analisi dell’acqua, consumi, portate e obiettivi qualitativi della cantina.
4

Quando servono addolcimento, carboni attivi e osmosi inversa in cantina?

Addolcimento, carboni attivi e osmosi inversa servono quando l’acqua in ingresso presenta caratteristiche che richiedono trattamenti specifici. L’addolcimento riduce la durezza e aiuta a contenere incrostazioni; i carboni attivi trattengono cloro, odori, sapori e composti organici; l’osmosi inversa può essere utile in presenza di elevata salinità o contaminanti difficili da rimuovere. Dorabaltea consiglia di scegliere questi trattamenti solo dopo un’analisi dell’acqua, così da progettare una soluzione proporzionata alle reali necessità della cantina.
5

Qual è il legame tra acque primarie e acque reflue di cantina?

Il legame tra acque primarie e acque reflue di cantina è diretto: l’acqua entra nel processo produttivo, viene utilizzata per lavaggi, lavorazioni e attività tecniche, e diventa poi acqua reflua da gestire correttamente. Per questo Dorabaltea propone una visione integrata del ciclo idrico: trattamento dell’acqua in ingresso, uso consapevole nei processi e depurazione delle acque reflue in uscita. In questo modo la cantina può migliorare qualità, sostenibilità e gestione complessiva della risorsa idrica.

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